Hadith Representative
Imam Tirmidzi : 1026
حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْفَضْلِ عَنْ نَافِعِ بْنِ جُبَيْرِ بْنِ مُطْعِمٍ عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ الْأَيِّمُ أَحَقُّ بِنَفْسِهَا مِنْ وَلِيِّهَا وَالْبِكْرُ تُسْتَأْذَنُ فِي نَفْسِهَا وَإِذْنُهَا صُمَاتُهَاهَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ رَوَاهُ شُعْبَةُ وَالثَّوْرِيُّ عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ وَقَدْ احْتَجَّ بَعْضُ النَّاسِ فِي إِجَازَةِ النِّكَاحِ بِغَيْرِ وَلِيٍّ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ وَلَيْسَ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ مَا احْتَجُّوا بِهِ لِأَنَّهُ قَدْ رُوِيَ مِنْ غَيْرِ وَجْهٍ عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ عَنْ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَا نِكَاحَ إِلَّا بِوَلِيٍّ وَهَكَذَا أَفْتَى بِهِ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ بَعْدَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ لَا نِكَاحَ إِلَّا بِوَلِيٍّ وَإِنَّمَا مَعْنَى قَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْأَيِّمُ أَحَقُّ بِنَفْسِهَا مِنْ وَلِيِّهَا عِنْدَ أَكْثَرِ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ أَنَّ الْوَلِيَّ لَا يُزَوِّجُهَا إِلَّا بِرِضَاهَا وَأَمْرِهَا فَإِنْ زَوَّجَهَا فَالنِّكَاحُ مَفْسُوخٌ عَلَى حَدِيثِ خَنْسَاءَ بِنْتِ خِدَامٍ حَيْثُ زَوَّجَهَا أَبُوهَا وَهِيَ ثَيِّبٌ فَكَرِهَتْ ذَلِكَ فَرَدَّ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ نِكَاحَهُ
Narrated to us [Qutaibah bin Sa'id] from [Malik bin Anas] from [Abdullah bin Al Fadl] from [Nafi' bin Jubair bin Muth'im] from [Ibnu Abbas] that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: 'A previously married woman has more right over herself than her guardian, while a virgin must be asked for her permission, and her permission is her silence.' This is a hasan sahih hadith. [Syu'bah] and [Ats Tsauri] narrated from [Malik bin Anas]. Some people argue for the permissibility of marriage without a guardian using this hadith, but this hadith cannot actually be used as proof, because it has been narrated through many chains from Ibnu Abbas from the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him: 'There is no marriage except with a guardian.' Likewise, Ibnu Abbas issued a fatwa after the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, that there is no marriage except with a guardian. The meaning of the Prophet's statement, peace and blessings be upon him: 'A previously married woman has more right over herself than her guardian.' According to the majority of scholars, the guardian may not marry her off except based on her consent and command. If she is still married off, then the marriage is invalid, in accordance with the hadith of Khansa` binti Khidam, whose father married her off while she was a widow and she disliked it. So the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, annulled her marriage.