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حَدَّثَنَا هَنَّادٌ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ عَنْ الْأَعْمَشِ قَالَ و حَدَّثَنَا مَحْمُودُ بْنُ غَيْلَانَ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ نُمَيْرٍ عَنْ الْأَعْمَشِ عَنْ إِسْمَعِيلَ بْنِ رَجَاءٍ الزُّبَيْدِيِّ عَنْ أَوْسِ بْنِ ضَمْعَجٍ قَال سَمِعْتُ أَبَا مَسْعُودٍ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ يَقُولُقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَؤُمُّ الْقَوْمَ أَقْرَؤُهُمْ لِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ فَإِنْ كَانُوا فِي الْقِرَاءَةِ سَوَاءً فَأَعْلَمُهُمْ بِالسُّنَّةِ فَإِنْ كَانُوا فِي السُّنَّةِ سَوَاءً فَأَقْدَمُهُمْ هِجْرَةً فَإِنْ كَانُوا فِي الْهِجْرَةِ سَوَاءً فَأَكْبَرُهُمْ سِنًّا وَلَا يُؤَمُّ الرَّجُلُ فِي سُلْطَانِهِ وَلَا يُجْلَسُ عَلَى تَكْرِمَتِهِ فِي بَيْتِهِ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهِقَالَ مَحْمُودُ بْنُ غَيْلَانَ قَالَ ابْنُ نُمَيْرٍ فِي حَدِيثِهِ أَقْدَمُهُمْ سِنًّا قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى وَفِي الْبَاب عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ وَأَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ وَمَالِكِ بْنِ الْحُوَيْرِثِ وَعَمْرِو بْنِ سَلَمَةَ قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى وَحَدِيثُ أَبِي مَسْعُودٍ حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ وَالْعَمَلُ عَلَى هَذَا عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ قَالُوا أَحَقُّ النَّاسِ بِالْإِمَامَةِ أَقْرَؤُهُمْ لِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ وَأَعْلَمُهُمْ بِالسُّنَّةِ وَقَالُوا صَاحِبُ الْمَنْزِلِ أَحَقُّ بِالْإِمَامَةِ و قَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ إِذَا أَذِنَ صَاحِبُ الْمَنْزِلِ لَغَيْرِهِ فَلَا بَأْسَ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ بِهِ وَكَرِهَهُ بَعْضُهُمْ وَقَالُوا السُّنَّةُ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ صَاحِبُ الْبَيْتِ قَالَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ وَقَوْلُ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَلَا يُؤَمُّ الرَّجُلُ فِي سُلْطَانِهِ وَلَا يُجْلَسُ عَلَى تَكْرِمَتِهِ فِي بَيْتِهِ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهِ فَإِذَا أَذِنَ فَأَرْجُو أَنَّ الْإِذْنَ فِي الْكُلِّ وَلَمْ يَرَ بِهِ بَأْسًا إِذَا أَذِنَ لَهُ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ بِهِ

Narrated to us [Hannad], he said: narrated to us [Abu Mu'awiyah] from [Al A'masy], he said: and narrated to us [Mahmud bin Ghailan], he said: narrated to us [Abu Mu'awiyah] and [Abdullah bin Numair] from [Al A'masy] from [Isma'il bin Raja` Az Zubair] from [Aus bin Dlam'aj], he said: "I heard [Abu Mas'ud Al Anshari] say: 'The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "The most entitled to lead a people in prayer is the best in reciting the Qur'an. If equal in recitation, the most knowledgeable of the Sunnah. If equal in Sunnah, the earliest in hijrah. If equal in hijrah, the oldest in age. Let no one lead in the authority of another, and do not sit in his special place in his house except with his permission."'" Mahmud bin Ghailan said: "Ibnu Numair mentioned in his hadith, 'The oldest in age.'" Abu Isa said: "In this chapter there are also narrations from Abu Sa'id Al Khudri, Anas bin Malik, Malik bin Al Huwairits and 'Amru bin Salamah." Abu Isa said: "The hadith of Abu Mas'ud is hasan sahih. This hadith is acted upon by scholars, they say: 'The most entitled to lead is the best in reciting the Qur'an and most knowledgeable of the Sunnah.' They also say: 'The house owner has the right to lead.' Some say: 'If the house owner permits another, it is fine to pray with him.' But others dislike it, saying: 'The Sunnah is the house owner leads.' Imam Ahmad bin Hambal said: 'The statement of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him: "Let no one lead in the authority of another and do not sit in his special place in his house except with his permission." If he permits, I hope the permission is for all.' Then he allowed leading if permitted by the house owner.'"