Hadith Representative
Kafarat berhubungan pada saat puasa adalah membebaskan satu budak, berpuasa 2 bulan berturut-turut dan memberikan nafkah 60 fakir miskin
Imam Tirmidzi : 656حَدَّثَنَا نَصْرُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْجَهْضَمِيُّ وَأَبَو عَمَّارٍ وَالْمَعْنَى وَاحِدٌ وَاللَّفْظُ لَفْظُ أَبِي عَمَّارٍ قَالَا أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ عَنْ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَأَتَاهُ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ هَلَكْتُ قَالَ وَمَا أَهْلَكَكَ قَالَ وَقَعْتُ عَلَى امْرَأَتِي فِي رَمَضَانَ قَالَ هَلْ تَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ تُعْتِقَ رَقَبَةً قَالَ لَا قَالَ فَهَلْ تَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ تَصُومَ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ قَالَ لَا قَالَ فَهَلْ تَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ تُطْعِمَ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا قَالَ لَا قَالَ اجْلِسْ فَجَلَسَ فَأُتِيَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِعَرَقٍ فِيهِ تَمْرٌ وَالْعَرَقُ الْمِكْتَلُ الضَّخْمُ قَالَ تَصَدَّقْ بِهِ فَقَالَ مَا بَيْنَ لَابَتَيْهَا أَحَدٌ أَفْقَرَ مِنَّا قَالَ فَضَحِكَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حَتَّى بَدَتْ أَنْيَابُهُ قَالَ فَخُذْهُ فَأَطْعِمْهُ أَهْلَكَقَالَ وَفِي الْبَاب عَنْ ابْنِ عُمَرَ وَعَائِشَةَ وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى حَدِيثُ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ وَالْعَمَلُ عَلَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ فِي مَنْ أَفْطَرَ فِي رَمَضَانَ مُتَعَمِّدًا مِنْ جِمَاعٍ وَأَمَّا مَنْ أَفْطَرَ مُتَعَمِّدًا مِنْ أَكْلٍ أَوْ شُرْبٍ فَإِنَّ أَهْلَ الْعِلْمِ قَدْ اخْتَلَفُوا فِي ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَيْهِ الْقَضَاءُ وَالْكَفَّارَةُ وَشَبَّهُوا الْأَكْلَ وَالشُّرْبَ بِالْجِمَاعِ وَهُوَ قَوْلُ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ وَابْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ وَإِسْحَقَ و قَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَيْهِ الْقَضَاءُ وَلَا كَفَّارَةَ عَلَيْهِ لِأَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا ذُكِرَ عَنْ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْكَفَّارَةُ فِي الْجِمَاعِ وَلَمْ تُذْكَرْ عَنْهُ فِي الْأَكْلِ وَالشُّرْبِ وَقَالُوا لَا يُشْبِهُ الْأَكْلُ وَالشُّرْبُ الْجِمَاعَ وَهُوَ قَوْلُ الشَّافِعِيِّ وَأَحْمَدَ و قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ وَقَوْلُ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِلرَّجُلِ الَّذِي أَفْطَرَ فَتَصَدَّقَ عَلَيْهِ خُذْهُ فَأَطْعِمْهُ أَهْلَكَ يَحْتَمِلُ هَذَا مَعَانِيَ يَحْتَمِلُ أَنْ تَكُونَ الْكَفَّارَةُ عَلَى مَنْ قَدَرَ عَلَيْهَا وَهَذَا رَجُلٌ لَمْ يَقْدِرْ عَلَى الْكَفَّارَةِ فَلَمَّا أَعْطَاهُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ شَيْئًا وَمَلَكَهُ فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ مَا أَحَدٌ أَفْقَرَ إِلَيْهِ مِنَّا فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ خُذْهُ فَأَطْعِمْهُ أَهْلَكَ لِأَنَّ الْكَفَّارَةَ إِنَّمَا تَكُونُ بَعْدَ الْفَضْلِ عَنْ قُوتِهِ وَاخْتَارَ الشَّافِعِيُّ لِمَنْ كَانَ عَلَى مِثْلِ هَذَا الْحَالِ أَنْ يَأْكُلَهُ وَتَكُونَ الْكَفَّارَةُ عَلَيْهِ دَيْنًا فَمَتَى مَا مَلَكَ يَوْمًا مَا كَفَّرَ
Narrated to us [Nashr bin Ali Al Jahdlami] and [Abu 'Ammar] -the meaning of the hadith is the same while the wording of the hadith is from Abu 'Ammar- both said, informed us [Sufyan bin 'Uyainah] from [Az Zuhri] from [Humaid bin Abdurrahman] from [Abu Hurairah], he said, a man came to the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, saying, O Messenger of Allah, I am doomed. He asked: "What has doomed you?" He answered, I have had intercourse with my wife during the daytime of Ramadan, he said: "Can you free a slave?" He answered, no. He said: "Can you fast two consecutive months?" He answered, no. He continued: "Can you feed sixty poor people?" He answered, no. He said: "Sit down." Then he sat, then the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, was brought a sack of dates, then he said: "Give charity with it." He said, there is no one in Madinah poorer than us. Then the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, laughed until his molars were visible. He said: "Take it and give it to your family." (Narrator) said, in this chapter (there is also narration -pent) from Ibnu Umar, 'Aisyah and Abdullah bin Amru. Abu 'Isa said, the hadith of Abu Hurairah is a hasan sahih hadith. The scholars adhere to the ruling found in this hadith, that is, a person who intentionally breaks the fast by having intercourse with his wife during the daytime of Ramadan. However, the scholars differ regarding a person who intentionally breaks the fast by eating and drinking. Some of them like Sufyan Ats Tsauri, Abdullah bin Al Mubarak and Ishaq hold that a person who intentionally breaks the fast by eating and drinking must qadla' and pay kaffarah (expiation) -they equate eating and drinking with intercourse- While some scholars like Syafi'i and Ahmad hold (a person who intentionally breaks the fast by eating and drinking) he only must qadla' and not must pay kaffarah, because what is mentioned by the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, is limiting kaffarah only for intercourse and not mentioning eating and drinking. While eating and drinking are not the same as intercourse. Imam Syafi'i said, the command of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, to give charity does not rule out the possibility that kaffarah is only obligatory for those who are able, because that man was unable to pay kaffarah. Then the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, gave him a sack of dates and ordered him to give charity. But after he stated there was no one poorer than him, then the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, ordered him to feed his family, because kaffarah is paid from the excess of staple food needed. Imam Syafi'i prefers that a person in the same condition as that man should eat the dates, but he still has the debt to pay kaffarah (expiation), if he is unable, then he is not obliged to pay kaffarah (expiation).