Hadith Representative
Disyariatkannya mandi: setelah menguburkan mayat hendaklah untuk mandi
Imam Abu Dawud : 2779حَدَّثَنَا دَاوُدُ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَارِثِ عَنْ نَافِعٍ أَبِي غَالِبٍ قَالَكُنْتُ فِي سِكَّةِ الْمِرْبَدِ فَمَرَّتْ جَنَازَةٌ مَعَهَا نَاسٌ كَثِيرٌ قَالُوا جَنَازَةُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ فَتَبِعْتُهَا فَإِذَا أَنَا بِرَجُلٍ عَلَيْهِ كِسَاءٌ رَقِيقٌ عَلَى بُرَيْذِينَتِهِ وَعَلَى رَأْسِهِ خِرْقَةٌ تَقِيهِ مِنْ الشَّمْسِ فَقُلْتُ مَنْ هَذَا الدِّهْقَانُ قَالُوا هَذَا أَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ فَلَمَّا وُضِعَتْ الْجَنَازَةُ قَامَ أَنَسٌ فَصَلَّى عَلَيْهَا وَأَنَا خَلْفَهُ لَا يَحُولُ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَهُ شَيْءٌ فَقَامَ عِنْدَ رَأْسِهِ فَكَبَّرَ أَرْبَعَ تَكْبِيرَاتٍ لَمْ يُطِلْ وَلَمْ يُسْرِعْ ثُمَّ ذَهَبَ يَقْعُدُ فَقَالُوا يَا أَبَا حَمْزَةَ الْمَرْأَةُ الْأَنْصَارِيَّةُ فَقَرَّبُوهَا وَعَلَيْهَا نَعْشٌ أَخْضَرُ فَقَامَ عِنْدَ عَجِيزَتِهَا فَصَلَّى عَلَيْهَا نَحْوَ صَلَاتِهِ عَلَى الرَّجُلِ ثُمَّ جَلَسَ فَقَالَ الْعَلَاءُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ يَا أَبَا حَمْزَةَ هَكَذَا كَانَ يَفْعَلُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يُصَلِّي عَلَى الْجَنَازَةِ كَصَلَاتِكَ يُكَبِّرُ عَلَيْهَا أَرْبَعًا وَيَقُومُ عِنْدَ رَأْسِ الرَّجُلِ وَعَجِيزَةِ الْمَرْأَةِ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ يَا أَبَا حَمْزَةَ غَزَوْتَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ نَعَمْ غَزَوْتُ مَعَهُ حُنَيْنًا فَخَرَجَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ فَحَمَلُوا عَلَيْنَا حَتَّى رَأَيْنَا خَيْلَنَا وَرَاءَ ظُهُورِنَا وَفِي الْقَوْمِ رَجُلٌ يَحْمِلُ عَلَيْنَا فَيَدُقُّنَا وَيَحْطِمُنَا فَهَزَمَهُمْ اللَّهُ وَجَعَلَ يُجَاءُ بِهِمْ فَيُبَايِعُونَهُ عَلَى الْإِسْلَامِ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِنَّ عَلَيَّ نَذْرًا إِنْ جَاءَ اللَّهُ بِالرَّجُلِ الَّذِي كَانَ مُنْذُ الْيَوْمَ يَحْطِمُنَا لَأَضْرِبَنَّ عُنُقَهُ فَسَكَتَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَجِيءَ بِالرَّجُلِ فَلَمَّا رَأَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ تُبْتُ إِلَى اللَّهِ فَأَمْسَكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَا يُبَايِعُهُ لِيَفِيَ الْآخَرُ بِنَذْرِهِ قَالَ فَجَعَلَ الرَّجُلُ يَتَصَدَّى لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِيَأْمُرَهُ بِقَتْلِهِ وَجَعَلَ يَهَابُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنْ يَقْتُلَهُ فَلَمَّا رَأَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهُ لَا يَصْنَعُ شَيْئًا بَايَعَهُ فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ نَذْرِي فَقَالَ إِنِّي لَمْ أُمْسِكْ عَنْهُ مُنْذُ الْيَوْمَ إِلَّا لِتُوفِيَ بِنَذْرِكَ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَلَا أَوْمَضْتَ إِلَيَّ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ لِنَبِيٍّ أَنْ يُومِضَقَالَ أَبُو غَالِبٍ فَسَأَلْتُ عَنْ صَنِيعِ أَنَسٍ فِي قِيَامِهِ عَلَى الْمَرْأَةِ عِنْدَ عَجِيزَتِهَا فَحَدَّثُونِي أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا كَانَ لِأَنَّهُ لَمْ تَكُنْ النُّعُوشُ فَكَانَ الْإِمَامُ يَقُومُ حِيَالَ عَجِيزَتِهَا يَسْتُرُهَا مِنْ الْقَوْمِ قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُد قَوْلُ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أُقَاتِلَ النَّاسَ حَتَّى يَقُولُوا لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ نُسِخَ مِنْ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ الْوَفَاءُ بِالنَّذْرِ فِي قَتْلِهِ بِقَوْلِهِ إِنِّي قَدْ تُبْتُ
Narrated to us [Daud bin Mu’adz], narrated to us [Abdul Warith] from [Nafi’ Abu Ghalib], he said: I was in the alley of Al-Mirbad when a funeral passed by with many people. They said: It is the funeral of Abdullah bin ‘Umair, so I followed it. Suddenly, I saw a man wearing a thin cloak on his mule, with a cloth on his head shielding him from the sun. I asked: Who is this person? They said: This is Anas bin Malik. When the funeral was placed, Anas stood and prayed over it, while I was behind him with nothing between us. He stood by its head, made four takbirs, neither prolonging nor hastening, then went to sit. They said: O Abu Hamzah, the Ansari woman’s funeral. They brought her forward, covered in a green bier. He stood by her lower body, prayed over her as he did for the man, then sat. Al-‘Ala bin Ziyad said: O Abu Hamzah, did Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam pray over funerals like your prayer, with four takbirs, standing by the head of a man and the lower body of a woman? He said: Yes. He asked: O Abu Hamzah, did you fight with Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam? He said: Yes, I fought with him at Hunayn. The polytheists attacked us until we saw our cavalry behind us. Among them was a man who struck and overwhelmed us. Allah defeated them, and they were brought to pledge allegiance to Islam. A companion of the Prophet said: I vowed that if Allah brought the man who overwhelmed us today, I would strike his neck. Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam remained silent. The man was brought, and upon seeing Rasulullah, he said: O Rasulullah, I have repented to Allah. Rasulullah refrained from accepting his pledge to fulfill the other’s vow. The man kept approaching Rasulullah to order his killing, but he hesitated to kill him. When Rasulullah saw he did nothing, he accepted his pledge. The companion said: O Rasulullah, my vow? He said: I only refrained today to let you fulfill your vow. The companion said: O Rasulullah, could you not have signaled me? The Prophet said: It is not fitting for a prophet to signal with his eyes. Abu Ghalib said: I asked about Anas’s act of standing by the woman’s lower body. They told me it was because there was no bier, so the imam stood by her lower body to shield her from the people. Abu Daud said: The Prophet’s saying, 'I was ordered to fight people until they say La ilaha illallah,' abrogates fulfilling the vow to kill in this hadith due to the man’s repentance.